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Tourism for Youth Entrepreneur
Development
Nepal Fact-Sheet
Area: 147,181 sq. km
Geography: Situated between
China in the north and India in the South
Location: Latitude: 2612' to
3027' North Longitude: 804' to 8812' East
Capital: Kathmandu
Population: 25 million
People: more than 103 ethnic
groups and 93 spoken languages
Climate: sub-tropical in low
lands to arctics in higher altitudes
Nepal
has seen many rulers and ruling dynasties. The earliest rulers
were the Kirantis who ruled from 9th century B.C. to 1st century
A.D. Legends and chronicles mention that the Indian Emperor
Ashoka had come to Nepal and visited Lumbini, the place where
the Buddha was born, and where he erected a huge stone pillar to
commemorate his visit to that spot.
The Kirants were replaced by Licchavis who, according to the
earliest evidences in inscriptions of the 5th century A.D. found
in the courtyard of Changunarayan temple which is about 15 km
north east of Kathmandu, ruled this country from 1st century to
9th century A.D. This period is noted for the many temples and
fine sculptures built around the Kathmandu valley.
The Licchavis were followed by the Thakuris, then came the Malla
dynasty. The Mallas ruled focusing mainly on the Kathmandu
Valley which has been the residence for most Nepali rulers from
time immemorial. No other part of Nepal is as rich in cultural
heritage as Kathmandu. Thanks to the exceptionally talented
crafts-men, who dedicated themselves to construct the many
temples and statues, we have seven world heritage sites in the
Kathmandu Valley itself.
In the 14th century A.D. King Jayasthiti Malla established a
rigid social order. His grandson tried in every way to protect
his country from suspected enemy states. Unfortunately, all his
efforts were fruitless, everything went beyond his control and
the country eventually divided up into 50 small feudal states
including the three major ones in the valley.
Then came the Shah dynasty. King Prithvi Narayan Shah who
annexed small principalities including three states in the
Kathmandy Valley and unified Nepal in a single kingdom.
Recognizing the threat of the British Raj in India, he dismissed
European missionaries from the country and for more than a
century, Nepal remained in isolation. During the mid-19th
century Jung Bahadur Rana became Nepal's first prime minister to
wield absolute power. The Ranas were overthrown in a democracy
movement of the early 1950s.
Today, Nepal enjoys a multiparty democratic system
Nepal
covers a span of 147,181 sq. kilometers ranging from altitude of
70 meters to 8,848 meters. Mountains, mid hills, valleys and
plains dominate the geography of landlocked Nepal that extends
from the Himalayan range in the north to the Indo-Gangetic
lowlands in south. Mt. Everest, the highest point of the
Himalayas is in Nepal.
Physical features also include green paddy terraces, wind-swept
deserts, dense forests and marshy grasslands. The country is
well endowed with perennial rivers, lakes and glacial lakes that
originate in the Himalayas. Twenty percent of the land in the
country is used for agriculture, where 0.49 percent is used for
permanent crops, mainly rice.
Climatic conditions of Nepal vary from one place to another in
accordance with the geographical features. In the north summers
are cool and winters severe, while in south summers are sub
tropical and winters mild.
The variety in Nepal's topography provides home to wildlife like
tigers, rhinos, monkeys, bears, yaks, leopards and different
species of insects and birds. Nepal is a home to almost 10
percent of the world's bird species among which 500 species are
found in the Kathmandu Valley.
The country has managed to preserve some endangered species of
Asia in its extensive parks and protected natural habitats. The
most abundant natural resource in Nepal is water. Other
resources found here are quartz, timber, lignite, copper,
cobalt, iron ore and scenic beauty.
The population of Nepal was recorded to be about 25 million as
of July 2002. Eighty-six percent of Nepalese follow Hinduism;
while eight percent follow Buddhism and three percent follow
Islam. The population comprises various groups of different
races which are further divided into different castes. The
distinction in caste and ethnicity is understood more easily
with a view of customary layout of the population.
Some of the main groups are such: Gurungs and Magars who live
mainly in the western region; Rais, Limbus and Sunwars who live
in the eastern mid hills; Sherpas, Manangpas and Lopas who live
near the mountains of Everest, Annapurna and Mustang
respectively; Newars who live in and around the capital valley
of Kathmandu; Tharus, Yadavas, Satar, Rajvanshis and Dhimals who
live in the Terai region; and Brahmins, Chhetris and Thakuris
generally spread over all parts of the country.
The population of Nepal was recorded to be about 25 million as
of July 2002. Eighty-six percent of Nepalese follow Hinduism;
while eight percent follow Buddhism and three percent follow
Islam. The population comprises various groups of different
races which are further divided into different castes. The
distinction in caste and ethnicity is understood more easily
with a view of customary layout of the population.
Some of the main groups are such: Gurungs and Magars who live
mainly in the western region; Rais, Limbus and Sunwars who live
in the eastern mid hills; Sherpas, Manangpas and Lopas who live
near the mountains of Everest, Annapurna and Mustang
respectively; Newars who live in and around the capital valley
of Kathmandu; Tharus, Yadavas, Satar, Rajvanshis and Dhimals who
live in the Terai region; and Brahmins, Chhetris and Thakuris
generally spread over all parts of the country.
Nepali is the official language of the state, spoken and
understood by 100 percent of the population. Multiple ethnic
groups speak more than a dozen other languages in about 93
different dialects. English is spoken by many in government and
business offices. It is the mode of education in most private
schools of Kathmandu and some other cities.
Ethnic Distribution
The Northern Himalayan People
In the northern region of the Himalayas are the Tibetan-speaking
groups namely Sherpas, Dolpas, Lopas, Baragaonlis, Manangis. The
Sherpas are mainly found in the east in the Solu and Khumbu
region; the Baragaonlis and Lopas live in the semi-deserted
areas of Upper and Lower Mustang in the Tibetan rain-shadow
area; the Managis live in Manang district area; while the Dolpas
live in Dolpa district of West Nepal, one of the highest
settlements on earth at 4,000 meters.
The Middle Hills and Valley People
Several ethnic groups live together in harmony in the middle
hills and valleys. Among them are the Magars, Gurungs, Tamangs,
Sunuwars, Newars, Thakalis, Chepangs and majority of Brahmans
and Chhetris. The Brahmans and Chhetris have long dominance in
all pervading social, religious and political realms. There are
also some occupational castes namely: Damai (tailor), Sarki
(cobbler), Kami (blacksmith) and Sunar (goldsmiths). Though,
there exist numerous dialects, the language of unification is
the national language, Nepali.
Ethnic Diversity in the Kathmandu Valley
Kathmandu Valley represents a cultural cauldron of the country,
where, people from varied backgrounds have come together to
present a melting pot. The natives of the Kathmandu Valley are
the Newars. Newari culture is an integration of both Hinduism
and Buddhism. The Newars of Kathmandu Valley were traders or
farmers by occupation in the old days.
The Terai People
The main ethnic groups in Terai are Tharus, Darai, Kumhal, Majhi
and other groups that have roots in India. They speak north
Indian dialects like Maithili, Bhojpuri. Owing to the fertile
plains of Terai, most inhabitants live on agriculture. There
are, however, some occupational castes like Majhi (fisherman),
Kumhal (potter) and Danuwar (cart driver).
The
capital city, Kathmandu is enriched with temples more than homes
and festivals exceeding the number of days in a year. The whole
valley with its seven heritage sites has been enlisted in
cultural World Heritage Site list.
The place, which blends cultural vigor with modern facilities
possible on earth is place liked by tourists been here. The
place has more to offer and it is not only administrative
capital of the country but to the fullest extend capital of
traditional culture and physical resources. Three Durbar Squares
- Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur, Pashupatinath, Bouddhanath,
Swoyambhunath and Changunarayan are the places most revered by
the Kathmanduities and whole world.
Kathmandu is not big when one compares it to other cities in
South Asia. Kathmandu is a fascinating old city today where
pagodas, narrow cobbled lanes, old carved windows, and stone
shrines are backdrops to the drama of life that continues
unhindered. Here the experiences are amazing, views fascinating,
and the climate charming.
There are living Goddesses whose smiles are a benediction. There
are reincarnate Lamas who foresee the future with a roll of dice
and scriptural reference. There are walks that lead the
adventurous to legendary places where ogres once lived. There
are hidden gardens behind palaces yet unseen and courtyards
where miracles happen, and a city the Buddha visited.
The natural beauty of Pokhara in Midwestern Nepal is simply
bewitching. Forming the backdrop are the spectacular Annapurna
Mountains with the magnificent fish-tailed Machhapuchhre
dominating the scene. Adding to Pokhara's enchantment are the
three serene lakes of Phewa, Rupa and Begnas. Lumbini, in the
southwest, is the birthplace of Lord Buddha and a World Heritage
Site. An inscription on the Ashoka Pillar identifies the Sacred
Garden as the place where the Buddha was born. Lumbini has a
number of artistic temples and monasteries built through
international support.
UNESCO recalls Chitwan as one of the few remaining undisturbed
vestiges of the 'Terai' region, which formerly extended over the
foothills of India and Nepal at the foot of the Himalayas. The
Chitwan National Park has been enlisted in natural World
Heritage Site. It has a particularly rich flora and fauna. One
of the last populations of single-horned Asiatic rhinoceros
lives in the park, which is also one of the last refuges of the
Bengal tiger.
Trekking in Nepal
Trekking is the gift of Nepal to the world in adventure tourism.
To be one with Nature, to regenerate one's own self-esteem, to
rediscover oneself, to appreciate Nepal's beauty, to interact
with its hospitable and friendly peoples are some of the
highlights of trekking in Nepal. Trekking is one long-term
activity that draws repeat visitors to the country.
Therefore, Nepal is the ultimate destination for the trekking
enthusiast. It offers a myriad of possibilities - from the
"short and easy" walking excursions to the "demanding and
strenuous" challenges of the snowy peaks and their foothills and
valleys. But however easy, or moderate, or strenuous, there is
something for every palate that goes with trekking in Nepal's
hills, mountains and hinterlands. The most rewarding way to
experience Nepal's indomitable combination of natural beauty and
cultural riches is to walk through the length, breadth and the
altitudes of Nepal. Trekking in Nepal is as much a unique
cultural experience as well as an ultimate Himalayan adventure.
Nepal offers excellent trekking options to visitors from the
easy walking excursions to the strenuous climb of the snowy
peaks. The most rewarding way to experience Nepal's natural
embellishment and cultural assortment is to walk through the
length, breadth and the altitudes of the country. Trekking in
Nepal is a big part of the ultimate Himalayan adventure and a
majority of tourists have trekking as a part of their itinerary.
One can also trek on ponies in some remote places, which is
equally enthralling for visitors. Pony treks follow nearly the
same routes and are offered mostly in western region of Pokhara,
Dolpo and Lo Manthang (Mustang).
Beside the Everest region, the area around the Annapurna massif
is perhaps the best known trekking destination in Nepal. Based
on sheer numbers of trekking visitors it is certainly the most
popular. As the title suggests, the centre piece of this part of
Nepal is the range of mountains that includes Annapurna I, the
first of the 8000 meter peaks to be climbed. Also included in
this general area is another 8000 meter giant,
Dhaulagiri
, which is located west of Annapurna I. Between these two
mountains runs the valley of the Kali-Gandaki River, the deepest
gorge on earth. Combine this with lush, fertile farming land,
stands of undistributed natural forest and a mixture of
different ethnic inhabitants and you have a diverse range of
experiences that makes this area one of the most satisfying
trekking destinations in Nepal.
The fact that the main Himalayan range runs south of the border
with Tibet means that that the northern parts of the area are in
the rain shadow and are considerably drier than the southern
slopes of the mountains. This leads to unusually diverse
landscapes.
Permits and Fees
For most of the Annapurna trekking area, no trekking permits are
required. The exception is upper Mustang where a fee of US$700
per person is levied for a ten-day visit. Additional
restrictions relating to Mustang will be outlined later.
Most of the area discussed in the trek descriptions is within
the area controlled by Annapurna Conservation Area Project.
Entry to this area is controlled and an entry permit has to be
purchased. The permit must be purchased before starting the trek
and can be obtained in
Kathmandu
or
Pokhara.
The proceeds of these fees are largely used for the local
community development within the project area.
Getting There
Regardless of the trek chosen it is most likely that Pokhara
will be either starting or ending point of your trek. Pokhara is
located 200 km. west of Kathmandu and can be reached by road in
five to six hour or by air in 30 minutes from the capital. For
road travel there are a number of tourist buses available daily
from Kathmandu and from Chitwan.
There is no shortage of tourist facilities to be found in and
around Pokhara. The main center for tourists is at the side of
the largest of the three lakes in the area, Phewa Tal. The
suburbs of Lakeside and Damside both provide a wide range of
accommodation and restaurants along with the usual variety of
trekking and traveling agencies and suppliers of souvenirs and
trekking equipment. For those trekking in the eastern side of
the Annapurna massif the most likely starting point will be
Besishahar, the district headquarters of Lamjung district. Buses
from Kathmandu, Pokhara and the Terai arrive and depart here on
a regular daily basis. The bus trip from Kathmandu to Besishahar
takes around four to five hours but, at this time, there are no
tourist bus services available.
Most treks starting or ending in Pokhara will require the use of
buses or hired cars to reach the trailheads. Specific details
appear in the trek descriptions.
Flora and Fauna
As can be imagined, the range of geographical and climatic
regions has led to a diverse variety of flora and fauna within
the Annapurna region. Both Pokhara and Besishahar are below 1000
meter elevation and their climate is quiet tropical. These parts
of area are heavily cultivated and the landscape, therefore,
largely consists of terraced paddy fields for most of the year.
The area is also famous for its winter crops of oranges, which
can be purchased fresh from the trees along the trails in the
foothills. As you progress higher up into the hills the natural
vegetation changes from the tropical species to more temperate
stands of forest trees including oak, beech and rhododendron.
These finally give way to coniferous forests of pine and,
ultimately, juniper just below the tree line. In the rain
shadow, to the north of the mountains, the landscape is quite
barren being an extension south of the Tibetan plateau. Here
there are only stunted bushes and shrubs except for close to the
rivers where irrigated cropping is possible.
Native animals to be seen include many birds the most obvious
being the pika, blue sheep and Himalayan Tahr.
Trekking styles
Most of the trekking routes in the Annapurna region are well
serviced by teahouses for most of their length. This is
particularly true for most popular treks-the Jomsom trek, the
Annapurna circuit and Annapurna base camp treks.
Trekkers should be aware, however that there is always the risk
of being stranded by bad weather or injury/sickness between
teahouses, particularly in the more remote parts of the trek
itineraries. A good example is on the Annapurna circuit where
there is one very long day when the high pass of Thorong La has
to be crossed. There is little or no shelter available for most
of this day and some trekkers have been caught unprepared by bad
weather and altitude problems.
The treks in less developed areas, particularly the Dhaulagiri
circuit and the trek east of Lamjung, definitely require
trekkers to be self sufficient in food and shelter.
People and Culture
The most prominent ethnic groups in the Annapurna region are the
Gurung, the Thakali and the Manangba. The Gurungs are the most
widely distributed being found from the hills of Gorkha district
to as far west as Palpa. There heartland, however, is centered
on the hills and valleys between the Marsyandi river and the
kali Gandaki. The Thakali come from the upper kali Gandaki
valley around Jomsom where their traditional farming has being
supplemented by trade and, in particular, hotel and restaurant
businesses. The Manangba are found in the upper reaches of the
Marsyandi River and are in many ways similar to the Gurungs to
whom they are possibly related. They are skilled traders and
trace their roots back to Tibet. Religiously, the Manangba and
the Gurungs of the upper hills is Buddhist with traces of their
ancient, shamanistic faith still apparent. The communities live
further south are predominantly Hindu.
All of the communities, particularly the Gurungs are famed for
their cultural performances, which are easily seen while
trekking in the region. Many villages along the trails will
arrange performances for trekkers during the main seasons.
When to visit?
As with most of the trekking areas in Nepal, the best time to
visit are during spring and autumn. Spring is the time for
rhododendrons while the clearest skies are found after the
monsoon in October and November. At these times the weather is
generally mild and there is little rainfall. Unlike other parts
of Nepal, the monsoon, from June to September, is the ideal time
to visit pats of the region that falls in the rain shadow. In
particular, upper mustang is the perfect destination during the
rainy season. The winter months provide good trekking conditions
throughout the foothills but some of the higher passes will be
closed due to snow.
Hiring Staffs
If you have not traveled from Kathmandu with your staffs then
you will be able to make all of the necessary arrangements in
Pokhara through one of the many trekking agencies that have
offices in lakeside. This is generally only place where such
arrangements can be reliably made although porters will often be
found at centers such as Besishahar at the start of the
Annapurna circuit.
Annapurna Circuit
The classic trek in the Annapurna region is the Annapurna
circuit. The complete circuit has only been possible since mid
1980's when the Manang area was officially opened up to
non-Nepali visitors. For and all-round experience of the scenery
and culture of Nepal this trek has a lot to offer. Starting in
the lush Marsyandi valley, that separates the Annapurna range
from that of Manaslu, the scenery is composed of lush cultivated
fields with dense forests on either side. In the winter season,
orange tree are laden with fruits and fragrant frangipani
blossoms cast their scent along the trails. As you travel higher
the valley becomes more rugged until the villages and forests
finally give way to the arid hills of Manang. The Thorong La
pass, at 5416 meters, marks the highpoint of the treks after
which the trail joins the kali Gandaki river that flows through
the deepest gorge on earth.
This is a challenging trek that is not without some risks. The
crossing of Thorong La can be dangerous at times, especially
during unexpected snowfall so potential trekkers must make sure
that they are well prepared and equipped for all eventualities.
The trek can be completed in a minimum of fifteen days, starting
in Kathmandu and finishing in Pokhara. If a few extra days are
allowed for it is then possible to enjoy several of the possible
side trips and add immeasurably to the experience. And entry
permit for the Annapurna conservation area project (ACAP) is
needed for this trek.
Most trekkers start the trek by taking the bus from Kathmandu to
Besishahar. These days the journey accomplished in around five
or six hours which allows a few hours trekking on the first day.
The trail from Besishahar follows the partly constructed road as
far as the small market town of Kuldi. This road can be avoided
by crossing the river below Besishahar and trekking along the
east bank of the river rejoining the main trail at Bhul Bhule.
The first few days of the trek follow the Marshyangdi through
scattered farming communities by a mixer predominantly composed
of Gurungs but with a sizeable numbers of Brahmin communities.
The crop range from rice and wheat at the lower elevations to
corn, millet and barley as the altitude increases. Above the
valley floor the hills are cloaked in forest with the occasional
clearing indicating human settlements. Higher still, the snowy
peak of the Annapurna and the Manaslu ranges dominate the
skyline. A feature of this section of the trek is the number of
high waterfalls that cascade down into the main river. The
valley rises slowly slow altitude sickness is rarely a problem
at this stage.
After a four days on the trail the river, which has been flowing
from the north changes its course and flows from the west. At
this point the landscape changes with steep rocky gorges on its
side and large stands of pine making up the forest cover. By the
time the district headquarters of Chame has been passed the
hills are becoming more and more barren and the people
predominantly Manangba. Look for a number of ancient temples,
some of which represent the pre-Buddhist, Bon religion.
The tree line is reached a few hours before arriving at mustang
where a compulsory rest day should be taken for acclimatization
to the increasing altitude. There are a number of possible side
trips from Manang that can be taken on the acclimatization day.
Perhaps the most spectacular is to the west, across the river
and up to the Gangapurna glacier with its deep blue lake formed
by the melting glacial ice. The Himalayan rescue association
clinic is located in Manang village and holds afternoon
awareness lectures for trekkers warning of the dangers of AMS.
These lectures are well worth attending.
From Manang, the trial passes through high alpine pastures until
the small cluster of teahouses at Thorong Phedi id reached. An
early morning start from here will allow you to reach Thorong La
by mid morning and then start the long descent across the scree
slopes to Muktinath before the afternoon cloud sweeps in. the
whole section have no permanent settlements and shelter is hard
to find. For safety, trekkers should never travel alone this
section.
Muktinath, a famed pilgrimage site for both Buddhists and
Hindus, is the first major settlement reached after the crossing
of Thorong La. Be sure to visit the temples here and especially
look for the eternal flame, fuelled by natural gas, which can be
found in the small Buddhist temple below the main shrine.
From Muktinath the views of the west are now of the Dhaulagiri
range while to the north can be seen the arid hills of upper
mustang. The trial Leeds down through villages inhabited by
people of Tibetan stock until it reaches the banks of the kali
Gandaki River, the home of Thakali people. A further four days
trekking down through this, the deepest valley on earth, brings
you to the road head at Beni from where buses to Pokhara can be
found. Settlements of particular interest below Muktinath are
Jomsom with its airport, a possible exit point to Pokhara,
Marpha with its fascinating medieval architecture designed to
ward off the fierce winds that blow daily up the gorge and
Tatopani with its hot springs.
There are a number of possible side trip that can be combined
with the Annapurna circuit. Either from the Manang side or from
below Jomsom it is possible to trek up to the high-altitude lake
at Tilicho. You must allow at least four days for this trek and
be fully self-sufficient. Also on the eastern side of the kali
Gandaki there is a trial that leads to the original north
Annapurna base camp that was used by the French expedition that
first scaled the peak. On the western side of the valley treks
to Hidden valley via Dhampus pass and to the Dhaulagiri icefall
are also possible option. All of these site trips are suitable
only for fit and experienced parties who are fully
self-sufficient.
Annapurna Sanctuary (Annapurna base Camp)
the other classic trek in the Annapurna region is to the so
called Annapurna sanctuary, the site of the base camp used by
expeditions attempting the massive south face of Annapurna I. a
short trek, it can be completed in as little as eight days from
Pokhara. The trek to Annapurna base camp combines some of the
most spectacular mountain scenery with a fascinating insight
into the life of middle hill Nepalis. The best time to visit the
sanctuary is during the main trekking season of spring and
autumn but since the route is not a circuit, the trial, and the
teahouses, can become crowded at these times. Winter trek are
possible but at any time trekkers must beware of snowfall and
avalanches that can block the narrow entrance to the sanctuary.
This trek is usually started and ended in Pokhara but it can
also be made a part of the Annapurna circuit or the Jomsom trek
by trekking from Tatopani through Ghorepani and Tadapani and
joining the main sanctuary trial at Chomrong. For maximum
enjoyment, allow twelve or fourteen days for the trek, which
allows time for exploration inside the sanctuary and also the
chance to extend the route on to Ghorepani and Poon hill.
Trekkers traveling this route must obtain an ACAP entry permit
either from Kathmandu or Pokhara before commencing the trek.
To start the trek at Pokhara there are a number of choices of
route. Perhaps the best is to take a taxi or bus to Naudanda
Phedi where the trial up to Dhampus will be found. The route
passes through a number of Gurung settlements including Dhampus,
Pothana and Landrung. At Landrung the choice is to cross to
Ghandrung, a descent and subsequent climb involving several
hundred meters of elevation change, or to continue on up the
Modi khola through Naya Pul. Both trials join at Chomrong at the
foot of the gorge leading to the sanctuary. An additional
attraction on the Naya Pul trial is a very welcome hot spring
half way to Chomrong.
From Chomrong there is only one trial, which follows the
ever-narrowing most khola to finally enter the sanctuary. Due to
the altitude gain, two nights must be spent between Chomrong and
the sanctuary in order to avoid the risk of AMS. There are a
number of settlements in the valley, providing ample
accommodation. However, during winter it is wide to check at
Chomrong in case the teahouse up the valley has closed for the
off season.
The trial up the Modi khola passes through dense stands of
rhododendron and bamboo for the first day. By the time the large
rock overhang, known as Hinku cave, is reached the vegetation
has thinned and the gorge narrowed to be only a few hundred
meters wide. Steep, snow-clad ridges falling from Himchuli on
the left and Machhapuchhre on the right from the entrance to the
sanctuary. as you pass through the "gate
and enter the sanctuary you will find yourself in a huge
amphitheater enclosed by a solid wall of snow capped peaks which
include Annapurna I, II, III and IV plus the fish tailed spire
of the Machhapuchhre. Teahouses are available at Machhapuchhre
base camp, just inside the sanctuary, or at Annapurna base camp,
a further two hours beyond.
Spend at least one full day inside the sanctuary. Side trips
across the south Annapurna glacier, north from Annapurna base
camp allow for an even better appreciation of this unique place.
Return by the same route to Chomrong where you can choose to
retrace your outward steps or deviate through either Ghandrung
or Ghorepani.
Annapurna Foothills
There are a number of options for short treks in the foothills
to the north of Pokhara. Most of these variations will visit
Ghandrung and Ghorepani. The former is a large, traditional
Gurung village while Ghorepani is the settlement below the famed
vantage point of Poon hill, one of the best spots from which to
view the central Nepal Himalaya range.
The various itineraries are all relatively easy and none reach
high enough elevations for AMS to be an issue. Generally between
five and six trekking days are sufficient for any of the
itinerary option. All enter the ACAP area so an entry permit is
required. The permit should be obtained either in Kathmandu or
Pokhara prior to starting the trek. Teahouses are plentiful
through the foothills but there are a couple of alternative
routes that will require the trekker to be self-sufficient if
these trails are chosen.
The most commonly trekked of the foothill itineraries starts and
ends at Naya Pul on the Baglung highway(not to be confused with
the Naya Pul on the Modi Khola beyond Landrung).traveling by bus
or taxi, the journey to Naya Pul takes around one to two hours.
Cross the Modi khola at Naya Pul and trek through Birethanti to
Syauli Bazaar following the river through cultivated fields and
small villages. At Syauli Bazaar the trial climbs steeply to the
large Gurung village of Ghandrung (pronounced Ghandruk by the
locals). Here there is wide selection of teahouses and community
operates craft and cultural displays. An extra day spent at
Ghandrung experiencing the traditional Gurung way of life is
well worthwhile.
From Ghandrung the main trial passes through Tadapani to the
pass at Ghorepani. Above the hill is Phoon hill, a climb of
around three hundred meters. The reward for making the climb at
dawn or dusk is one of the best mountain panoramas in Nepal. The
view takes in Dhaulagiri, the Annapurnas and, in the distance,
the Manaslu range.
From Ghorepani there are three choices. The most commonly taken
route drops down the villages of Ulleri and Turkedhunga to
Birethanti, the original starting point of the trek. There is a
steep trial and can be quite crowded during the peak seasons. It
passes through sense stands of oak and rhododendron until Ulleri
is reached after which the landscape is mostly cultivated
fields.
Another option is to continue on from Ghorepani and descend to
the kali Gandaki at Tatopani (see Annapurna circuit trek
description). After a night at Tatopani the river can be
followed down to Beni from where buses to Pokhara are available.
The third possibility is to trek along the ridge that starts at
Phoon hill. There is little in the way of permanent settlement
until the high point of the ridge at Bhuka is reached. Just
below the hill is Gurung village of Langdi while a couple of
hours further down the ridge are Tangle, another Gurung
settlement. From here it is only a short distance back to the
main trial at Birethanti and Naya Pul. This ridge walk is quite
isolated and no teahouse accommodation is available making
self-sufficiency essential. It has the advantage of being well
off the normal tourist route and allows for an insight into
local culture that is harder to find on the main trial.
Jomsom and Muktinath
The Jomsom trek is probably the single most popular trek in
Nepal. The diverse landscapes and cultures to be found along the
trek route give a marvelous insight into the way of life of
rural Nepalese people. The main feature of trek is the walk
through the George craved by the kali Gandaki River, which
carries water from the Tibetan plateau to eventually join the
Ganges in India.
Normally trekkers continue on above Jomsom to Muktinath, the
famous pilgrimage site for both Buddhists and Hindus. To Hindus,
Muktinath is sacred as the place of salvation. They believe that
to wash in the waters here guarantees salvation after death. The
Hindu god, Brahma, is thought to have lit the eternal flames
that still burn at Muktinath. To the Buddhists it is a place
that the great sage guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) meditated at,
and to all, it is the source of fossilized ammonites, known
locally as shaligrams, which are found all along the upper
reaches of kali Gandaki. The people of this part of Nepal are a
mixture of Gurung and Magar in the lower stretches of the kali
Gandaki, Thakali people around Jomsom and people with obvious
Tibetan roots, the Lopa, around Muktinath and up into mustang.
Their customs and dress are all quite distinct and this trek
gives a chance to see those differences. The religions seen
range from Hinduism in the lower parts to the Tibetan style
Buddhism as you travel further north. Should you be in Muktinath
In early September you will be able to see one of Nepal’s
unique festivals, the annual horse races known as Yartung. This
is a week of some serious horse racing, Tibetan style, and some
equally serious merrymaking.
Most of the route for the Jomsom trek has been described as part
of the Annapurna circuit and Annapurna foothills treks. The
normal standing point is Naya Pul on the Pokhara to Baglung road
and fro there, via Ghorepani and Tatopani, into the gorge of
kali Gandaki.
Between Tatopani and Lete khola the scenery changes
dramatically. Pine forests crowd in on the trial and the
villages take on a quite different appearance. The layout of the
villages and the design of the houses are both quite unique to
this area. They are designed to protect their inhabitants from
the strong winds that blow up the valley everyday from late
morning onwards. These winds are caused by differences in
atmospheric pressure between the Tibetan plateau and the lower
reaches of the valley. The best example of this unique
architecture is to be found at the village of Marpha which is a
two hour walk below Jomsom. The stone flagged streets with an
efficient underground drainage system and the flat roofed houses
all with a central courtyard make an attractive spot to spend an
extra rest day. Sample the apple products from the prolific
orchards that have been set up in the valley.
Jomsom is best known for its airport that offers a quick entry
or exit to the valley with regular daily flights from Pokhara.
Remember that the winds that blow up the valley normally mean
that no flights can arrive or depart from Jomsom after 11 am.
Jomsom can also be considered as a place to use as a base for
exploring the upper part of the kali Gandaki. There are numerous
accommodation options including a new high-class resort complex.
An alternative to Jomsom as a final base for the trek is the
village of Kagbeni; a further two hours up the valley. Kagbeni
is much less commercialized than Jomsom and certainly much
quieter. This is as far as trekkers are allowed to go towards
upper Mustang without having a special trek permit and an
accompanying environmental officer. For details see the upper
mustang treks description. From Kagbeni to Muktinath takes three
to four and trekkers can choose to do this as a day trip or to
stay at one of the many teahouses available at Muktinath.
Sikles
The Gurung village of Sikles has been established by the ACA
project as a model trekking village and is an internal part of
their eco-route. It is located to the north east of Pokhara, at
about 2000 meters elevation, in the shadow of Annapurna II and
Lamjung Himal. It is a large village, possibly the second
largest Gurung village in Nepal, and is a well-preserved example
of traditional Gurung culture. While here, the trekker can
easily spend several days experiencing local life-style,
handicraft production and sight-seeing. Of particular interest
are the local cloth weaving and the ancient water driven
flourmills.
Above the village is Rishing Danda, from where a marvelous
panoramic view of the peaks of Annapurna II and Lamjung can be
seen. This place is also famous as a point from which to see
avalanches thundering down off the mountain sides.
Folk songs and dances are an important part of Gurung life and
cultural performances are common occurrences in Sikles. Of
particular interest here is the Ghantu dance, traditionally
performed by three young girls.
Accommodation in Sikles can be either in teahouses or, by prior
arrangement with ACAP Pokhara office, in village homes.
To get to Sikles it is best to do the round trip, starting in
Pokhara and taking a taxi to Kabhre Danda. From here it takes
two days t trek to Sikles via Chansu. To return, follow the
eco-route through the Ghalekhaeka and Diprang and back into
Pokhara in a further three days easy trekking.
Lamjung Trek
The area to the east of the Marshyandi River, between Lamjung
and Gorkha districts, has a great deal of potential for remote
area treks. This part of the country has not developed any of
the conventional tourist infrastructures so groups will need to
be fully self-sufficient and have competent guides familiar with
the local trials. No special permits are required.
The best destinations are the lakes of Mimi Pokhari and Dudh
Pokhari, which are located on the southwestern slopes of Baudha
Himal and Himal Chuli, both a part of the Manaslu massif. These
two lakes are pilgrimage sites for local Gurung people during
the summer months. The best starting point for treks to both of
these lakes is either Phalensangu or Besishahar.
Beyond Dudh Pokhari is a high pass, Rupina Bhanjyang, which
takes the trekker in to the valley of the Budhi Gandaki.
Alternatively, from Dudh Pokhari a trail can be followed into
the Deurandi khola valley and on to Gorkha.
To the west of the Marshyandi River there are other
possibilities for self-sufficient trekkers. There is much more
habitation on the side of the river but little or no tourist
facilities. Treks from Besishahar through the villages of
Ghalegaon, Bhujung, and on towards Sikles are possible but,
again, guides with local knowledge are essential. An ACAP entry
permit is required to trek past Ghalegaon. A number of village
home stay programmes are being developed in the area, which will
afford visitors a unique insight into rural life.
Above Ghalegaon a remote trial leads through uninhabited country
to the high pass of Namun La. This pass leads down to the
Marshyandi khola near Bagarchap on the Annapurna circuit route.
Trekkers attempting this route must ensure that they and their
staff are well prepared for this crossing which is often snow
bound.
Dhaulagiri Circuit
A circuit of Dhaulagiri massif is possible for well-equipped and
fully self-sufficient parties. The minimum time that should be
allowed for this itinerary is eighteen days Pokhara to Pokhara
but a few extra days to allow for side trips or bad weather are
advisable. The route crosses two high which are in remote
country far from any assistance. Particular care must be taken
with regards to proper acclimatization and staff equipment.
Since much of the first half of the trek travels on rarely
trekked trails, the services of an experienced local guide are
highly recommended. No special permits are required for the
Dhaulagiri circuit but for the last part, down the kali Gandaki,
an ACAP entry permit is needed.
The trek is best started at Beni, the district headquarters of
Myagdi district. Myagdi is one of the most easterly of the
districts where the Magar people can be found. This group of
hill dwellers are similar in many ways to their Gurung neighbors
but are thought to have settled in Nepal some time earlier. Like
their Gurung cousins, the Magar have a tradition of service in
the Gurkha regiments. Regular bus services operate from Pokhara
as far as Baglung and from there, are less frequent services to
Beni.
The Dhaulagiri trail follows the Myagdi khola, the river that
drains the southern side of the Dhaulagiri massif. Passing
through the settlements of Darbang and Muri, the country is
still quite heavily populated with scattered villages and
farming land. Beyond Muri, the Myagdi khola swings north and the
landscape becomes much more rugged and sparsely populated. The
tree line is reached just below the sit of the, so called,
Italian base camp, located at the snout of the Chhonbaraan
Glacier, is an ideal place to spend an acclimatization day
exploring the hills around about.
The next two days are spent on the glacier, the second night
being at Dhaulagiri base camp, a rugged spot with some
spectacular views of the western face of Dhaulagiri.
From here the trial crosses French pass which at 5360 meters is
the highest point of the trek. Descending French pass you enter
the lonely but fascinating area known as Hidden valley. This
place is one of the few true wilderness areas accessible to
trekkers in Nepal. The valley stretches away to the north
eventually narrowing to a rugged gorge that connects to Upper
Dolpa. There are reports of many endangered species residing in
this area including the elusive snow leopard. If all the members
and the staff of the group are fit then a rest and exploration
day spent in hidden valley is well worth while.
From Hidden valley the trial now crosses Dhampus pass (sometimes
known as Thapa pass). While not as high as French pass, it is
roughly 100 meters lower, Dhampus pass has a reputation for bad
weather which can make the crossing and subsequent descent
something of a problem. Trekkers must be aware of the health of
their group members and staff, especially on the section between
French pass and Dhampus pass. Any person suffering from the
symptoms of AMS must never be taken on over French pass but
rather, taken back down the Myagdi khola to a lower altitude.
Having a group member suffer from AMS between the passes poses a
serious problem as the only way to get the patient assistance is
to ascend which would make the problem worse.
Having crossed Dhampus pass the trial descends into the valley
of the kali Gandaki meeting the main trial at either Marpha or
Tukuche. On the way down to the valley there are some
spectacular views across to the Annapurnas and up into the arid
steppes of Mustang.
The rest of the trek is described in the Annapurna circuit
description.
Upper Mustang
To trek into upper mustang is a rare privilege. Here you will
experience the way of life of the true mountain people, for
years, cut off from the rest of Nepal. In many ways, a trek into
upper mustang is similar to trekking into Tibet, which
geographically it is a part of. The district of Mustang was,
until 1950, a separate kingdom within the boundaries of Nepal.
The last king, the raja of mustang, still has his home at the
ancient capital, Lo Manthang.
Access to upper Mustang has only been possible for non-Nepalese
trekkers for around ten years and, even today, access is still
heavily regulated and restricted. To enter upper Mustang, that
is to travel further north than Kagbeni, trekkers need a special
trekking permit and mist be accompanied by a government
appointed environmental officer. The expenses of the
environmental officer have to borne by the group. Trekker must
have arranged their trek through a government recognized
trekking agency in order to be issued permits. The cost of the
trekking permit is US$700 per person for ten-day trek in the
restricted area.
Upper Mustang, being in the Himalayan rain shadow, is one of the
few parts of the country that are suitable for trekking during
the summer monsoon period. Even at this time, the upper kali
Gandaki valley is still quiet dry with only occasional rainfall.
The Mustang trek is not particularly difficult, the highest
point reached is only 3800 meters, but the conditions at times
can be arduous. Cold in winter and windy and dusty all year.
Winter treks are best avoided due to southern parts of the
country and even India.
There are few accommodation facilities available above Kagbeni
so groups must be fully self-sufficient, especially in fuel.
While porters are available in Jomsom it is preferable, in
Mustang, to use mules to carry the loads. These pack animals are
available locally and are more economical, and certainly more
environmentally friendly, than human porters.
The Mustang trek requires a minimum of nine days starting and
ending in Kagbeni. This allows the trek to be completed within
the ten-day permit period. The route basically follows the kali
Gandaki valley but, on occasions, climbs high above the valley
walls. The settlements are scattered with little sign of
cultivation between villages. In Mustang, little will grow
without irrigation, which makes the settlements reminiscent of
oases.
Lo Manthang, the old capital, is reached in four days and at
least one extra day should be spent here for local sight-seeing.
Ponies are available for hire for this purpose.
The return trip can either follow the upward route or, for an
alternative, the eastern bank of the kali Gandaki may be
followed.
Short Treks out of Pokhara
There are a number of relatively easy short treks that can be
undertaken around Pokhara. The area south of Phewa Tal is
particularly suitable, with treks of two to five days being
possible. This area, however, has fewer accommodation facilities
so self-sufficiency is generally required. These trekking routes
pass through some very attractive rural communities and with the
low altitude reached, make suitable winter treks. It can get
uncomfortably hot during the summer months, however.
Possibly the most attractive destination is Panchase, a 250
meter high hill to the west of Pokhara. This hill gives a
Himalayan Panorama that rivals that found that at Poon hill. The
easiest access to Panchase is from the village of Badauri, which
can be reached on foot or vehicle from Naudanda on the Baglung
highway. From Badauri it is a pleasant three to four hour walk
through the forest to Panchase Deurali where some basic lodging
is available. The hilltops are a further hour or so from here.
The Panchase trek can be extended in several ways. From Panchase
hill it is possible to trek through the large Gurung village of
Arthor and continues on to Karkinetta. Here some very basic
accommodation may be found. The choice then is to trek to Kusma,
on the Baglung highway in one day from where a bus can be taken
back to Pokhara. Alternatively, there are buses and jeeps
available at Karkinetta that connect directly with Pokhara.
Another possibility is to trek from Panchase back to Pokhara via
the ridge that runs through the villages of Bhumdi and Pumdi. By
taking this route you are able to complete the trek at the peace
Stupa above Phewa Tal and then descend to the lake and reach
lake side by boat. This route gives excellent views of the
Himalaya with Phewa Tal in the foreground. No tea houses are
available until the peace Stupa is reached.
To the north of Pokhara there is the, so called, trek. This
for-day trek follows the ridges above Pokhara's second largest
lake, Begnas Tal. No teahouses are available so groups need to
be self-sufficient.
Views of the Annapurnas and back to Pokhara are worthwhile from
the ridge top as a number of interesting Gurung villages is
visited on the way. This is a particularly good route during the
colder winter months.
Trekking in the Langtang area
One of the most accessible areas for trekking is the north of
Kathmandu valley. While the area cannot boast any of the
Himalayan giants, the scenery here is every bit as spectacular
as most of the better known destinations. It is also far less
visited by tourists making a trek here somewhat more of an
adventure. Just above Kathmandu is the area known as Helambu,
which is ideal for short duration treks and is especially suited
to winter season trips. Here there is a series of north-south
running valleys that provide a variety of possible trekking
routes. At the head of these valleys is a ridge that separates
Helambu from the east-west running Langtang valley. Here the
high alpine scenery, with mountains visible from their base to
their peak, and the sparsely inhabited nature of the country
makes this an ideal destination for trekkers who are on a tight
time schedule.
To the west of Langtang is a virtual wilderness area centered on
the Ganesh Himal range, a collection of 6-7000 meter peaks that
see very little tourist activity.
Permits and fees
The northern parts of the area largely fall within the
boundaries of Langtang national park. Entry permits should be
obtained in Kathmandu before starting to trek. Helambu, to the
south, and Ganesh Himal, to the west, are the exceptions
although to reach Ganesh Himal from Kathmandu an entry permit is
required as the motor road is partly within the park. No
trekking permits are required in this area. If accessing Helambu
from Kathmandu a permit to pass through the Shivapuri watershed
area, recently declared a national park ticket counter in
Kathmandu.
Finally, Nepal is a
beautiful country that holds lots of tourism business especially
for youth. Generally, young people are attractive in this field
too. If we reach in global forum for marketing, it boosts
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If you and your groups want to travel in Nepal (a country of mount
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research with amazing trekking experience
Please contact for more information and booking.
Email:
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